At several times in the book and on the web page, you have run into accounting prediction models: Earnings prediction models, S-score models to predict RNOA, C-score models to predict RNOA under conservative accounting, and M-score models to predict fraud. There are also a number of models that use accounting data to predict bankruptcy and debt default:
Altman Z-score:
Altman, E. 1968. Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy.  Journal of Finance 23: 589–609.
Olson O-score:
Ohlson, J.  1980.  Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy.  Journal of Accounting Research 19: 109–131.
A review of these and other models are in
Beaver, W., M. Correia, and M. McNichols. 2010. Financial statement analysis and the prediction of financial distress. Foundations and Trends in Accounting 5: 99-173.
See also a review of bankruptcy prediction models at
https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1025&context=account_fac
Some models employ market price data for prediction with the insight that a firm’s equity can be viewed as a call option on its debt. See, for example, the KMV-Merton model at
